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Geometry and TrigonometryVery hardEquation of a circle tangent to the x-axis

Geometry and Trigonometry practice question

In the xy-plane, a circle has centre (2, −3) and is tangent to the x-axis. Which equation represents the circle?

  1. A. (x − 2)² + (y + 3)² = 9Correct
  2. B. (x − 2)² + (y + 3)² = 4
  3. C. (x + 2)² + (y − 3)² = 9
  4. D. (x − 2)² + (y + 3)² = 3

Answer: A. (x − 2)² + (y + 3)² = 9

Tangent to the x-axis means the circle just touches it, so the radius equals the centre's distance from the x-axis: |−3| = 3. Then (x − 2)² + (y + 3)² = 3² = 9.

Why the other answers are wrong

B. (x − 2)² + (y + 3)² = 4
4 would be r² = 2², using the centre's x-coordinate as the radius.
C. (x + 2)² + (y − 3)² = 9
(x + 2)² + (y − 3)² has centre (−2, 3).
D. (x − 2)² + (y + 3)² = 3
The right side must be r² = 9, not r = 3.

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