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Problem-Solving and Data AnalysisHardWhy participants are not told their group

Problem-Solving and Data Analysis practice question

In a trial of a new headache tablet, half the participants receive the tablet and half receive a placebo that looks identical. Participants are not told which they have received. What is the main reason for keeping this information from them?

  1. A. So that participants' expectations do not influence how they report their headaches.Correct
  2. B. To reduce the cost of running the trial.
  3. C. To make the sample of participants random.
  4. D. To increase the number of participants.

Answer: A. So that participants' expectations do not influence how they report their headaches.

People who know they have the real tablet may expect relief and report it; those who know they have a placebo may not. Hiding the assignment keeps expectation from distorting the results.

Why the other answers are wrong

B. To reduce the cost of running the trial.
Concealing the assignment doesn't affect cost.
C. To make the sample of participants random.
Randomness comes from how participants are selected and assigned, not from what they are told.
D. To increase the number of participants.
Blinding doesn't change how many people take part.

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