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Problem-Solving and Data AnalysisHardEffect of a larger sample on the interval

Problem-Solving and Data Analysis practice question

A researcher estimates the mean weight of apples in an orchard from a random sample of 50 apples and reports a margin of error of 12 grams. She then repeats the study with a random sample of 200 apples from the same orchard. Which of the following is most likely true about the second study?

  1. A. Its margin of error is smaller than 12 grams.Correct
  2. B. Its margin of error is larger than 12 grams.
  3. C. Its margin of error is exactly 12 grams.
  4. D. Its sample mean is exactly the orchard's true mean.

Answer: A. Its margin of error is smaller than 12 grams.

A larger random sample gives a more precise estimate, so the margin of error shrinks (quadrupling the sample roughly halves it).

Why the other answers are wrong

B. Its margin of error is larger than 12 grams.
More data does not make an estimate less precise.
C. Its margin of error is exactly 12 grams.
The margin of error depends on sample size, so it changes.
D. Its sample mean is exactly the orchard's true mean.
A sample mean is still an estimate; no sample size makes it exactly the true mean.

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