Problem-Solving and Data AnalysisHardRecognising the limits of a before-and-after comparison
Problem-Solving and Data Analysis practice question
A gym reports that members who joined its new fitness programme lost an average of 4 kilograms over three months. Which of the following would most strengthen the conclusion that the programme caused the weight loss?
- A. A comparison group of similar members who did not join the programme, and who lost little or no weight over the same three months.Correct
- B. Testimonials from members who enjoyed the programme.
- C. A larger number of members joining the programme.
- D. Weighing the members more precisely.
Answer: A. A comparison group of similar members who did not join the programme, and who lost little or no weight over the same three months.
A comparable group without the programme shows what would have happened anyway.
Why the other answers are wrong
- B. Testimonials from members who enjoyed the programme.
- Enjoyment doesn't show cause.
- C. A larger number of members joining the programme.
- More members with no comparison still can't separate the programme from other factors.
- D. Weighing the members more precisely.
- Precision doesn't address what caused the change.
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