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Problem-Solving and Data AnalysisEasyProportional reasoning with a scale

Problem-Solving and Data Analysis practice question

On a map, a distance of 1 inch represents an actual distance of 12 miles. Two towns are 4.5 inches apart on this map. What is the actual distance, in miles, between the two towns?

  1. A. 7.5
  2. B. 16.5
  3. C. 48
  4. D. 54Correct

Answer: D. 54

Each inch represents 12 miles, so 4.5 inches represents 4.5 × 12 = 54 miles. Choice A subtracts the two numbers (12 − 4.5). Choice B adds the two numbers (12 + 4.5). Choice C multiplies by only the whole-number part of the distance (4 × 12), ignoring the 0.5 inch.

Why the other answers are wrong

A. 7.5
You subtracted 12 − 4.5; since each inch stands for 12 miles, you need to multiply 4.5 by 12.
B. 16.5
You added 12 + 4.5; the scale means each inch is worth 12 miles, so multiply: 4.5 × 12.
C. 48
You multiplied only the whole-inch part (4 × 12) and dropped the extra 0.5 inch, which is another 6 miles.

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