The student wants to present the study's finding while acknowledging its limitations. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

Question

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
- A study followed 200 runners for a season.
- Runners who stretched before running reported fewer injuries.
- Injuries were self-reported.
- Runners chose for themselves whether to stretch.
- Runners who stretched also warmed up for longer.

Accepted Answer

A. Runners who stretched reported fewer injuries, though they chose to stretch themselves and also warmed up for longer, so stretching may not be what protected them.. Finding, self-selection, and the warm-up confound — choice A.

Answer

B. The study followed 200 runners for a season. — Setup only.

Answer

C. Stretching before running prevents injuries. — The finding stated as a cause, with no limitation.

Answer

D. Warming up for longer causes injuries. — The notes say nothing of the kind.

Expression of Ideas practice question

Answer: A. Runners who stretched reported fewer injuries, though they chose to stretch themselves and also warmed up for longer, so stretching may not be what protected them.

Why the other answers are wrong

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