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Expression of IdeasHardSignalling an unexpected outcome

Expression of Ideas practice question

The engineers expected the old dam's concrete to have weakened after ninety years of frost. ____ core samples showed it stronger than when it was poured, the cement having continued to cure for decades.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

  1. A. Instead,Correct
  2. B. As a result,
  3. C. Likewise,
  4. D. Specifically,

Answer: A. Instead,

Weakening was expected; strengthening was found. 'Instead' marks the reversal.

Why the other answers are wrong

B. As a result,
The strength is not a result of the expectation.
C. Likewise,
The finding is not like the expectation; it overturns it.
D. Specifically,
The finding is not a detail of the expectation.

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