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Information and IdeasVery hardFinding that weakens a causal claim

Information and Ideas practice question

A biologist claims that the sharp decline in a lake's trout population over the past decade was caused by rising water temperature.

Which finding, if true, would most directly weaken the biologist's claim?

  1. A. Trout numbers fell just as sharply over the same decade in a neighbouring lake whose water temperature did not change.Correct
  2. B. Trout thrive in cold water and struggle when water warms.
  3. C. The lake's average temperature has risen by two degrees over the decade.
  4. D. Anglers on the lake report catching far fewer trout than they used to.

Answer: A. Trout numbers fell just as sharply over the same decade in a neighbouring lake whose water temperature did not change.

If the same decline happened where temperature stayed the same, temperature can't be the whole explanation — something else may be driving both declines.

Why the other answers are wrong

B. Trout thrive in cold water and struggle when water warms.
This SUPPORTS the claim: warming would harm trout.
C. The lake's average temperature has risen by two degrees over the decade.
This supports the claim by confirming the warming happened.
D. Anglers on the lake report catching far fewer trout than they used to.
This confirms the decline but says nothing about its cause.

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