16Hit1600
Standard English ConventionsHardPast perfect for the earlier of two past events

Standard English Conventions practice question

By the time the fire engine arrived, the villagers ____ the blaze with buckets from the pond.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

  1. A. had put outCorrect
  2. B. put out
  3. C. have put out
  4. D. putting out

Answer: A. had put out

The blaze was out before the engine arrived, so the earlier past event takes the past perfect.

Why the other answers are wrong

B. put out
Simple past doesn't show which event came first; 'by the time' calls for the past perfect.
C. have put out
Present perfect doesn't sit before a past event.
D. putting out
'Putting out' leaves no finite verb.

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