16Hit1600
Standard English ConventionsHardVerb tense with 'by the time'

Standard English Conventions practice question

By the time the rescue boat ____ the couple had already reached the island on foot.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

  1. A. arrived,Correct
  2. B. arrives,
  3. C. had arrived,
  4. D. will arrive,

Answer: A. arrived,

The earlier event is in the past perfect ('had reached'); the later one, the arrival, takes the simple past.

Why the other answers are wrong

B. arrives,
Present clashes with 'had already reached'.
C. had arrived,
Two past perfects leave no later event.
D. will arrive,
Future clashes with the past.

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