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Problem-Solving and Data AnalysisVery hardSample size for a third of the margin

Problem-Solving and Data Analysis practice question

A random sample of 200 people gives an estimate with a certain margin of error. The margin of error shrinks in proportion to the square root of the sample size. Which sample size would give a margin of error closest to ONE-THIRD of that margin?

  1. A. 1,800Correct
  2. B. 600
  3. C. 66
  4. D. 5,400

Answer: A. 1,800

To divide the margin by 3, the square root of the sample size must triple, so the sample size must be multiplied by 3² = 9: 200 × 9 = 1,800.

Why the other answers are wrong

B. 600
600 triples the sample, which divides the margin only by √3 ≈ 1.7.
C. 66
66 is a third of the sample, which makes the margin LARGER.
D. 5,400
5,400 multiplies by 27, dividing the margin by about 5.2 — more than asked.

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