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Problem-Solving and Data AnalysisVery hardEvaluating a conclusion about libraries and incomes

Problem-Solving and Data Analysis practice question

A study found that towns with more libraries have higher average incomes. A council concludes that building a new library will raise the town's incomes. Which statement best evaluates the council's conclusion?

  1. A. It is not supported: the study is observational, and wealthier towns may simply be able to afford more libraries.Correct
  2. B. It is supported, because the study included many towns.
  3. C. It is supported, because libraries provide education.
  4. D. It is not supported, because incomes cannot be measured.

Answer: A. It is not supported: the study is observational, and wealthier towns may simply be able to afford more libraries.

An observed association does not show which way any cause runs.

Why the other answers are wrong

B. It is supported, because the study included many towns.
Size does not turn an association into a cause.
C. It is supported, because libraries provide education.
A plausible story is not evidence from the study.
D. It is not supported, because incomes cannot be measured.
Incomes were measured; the problem is the design.

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