Expression of IdeasVery hardGeneralisation backed by both cases
Expression of Ideas practice question
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
- London introduced a congestion charge for its centre in 2003.
- In its first year, traffic in the charged zone fell by about 15%.
- Stockholm introduced a congestion charge in 2006.
- Stockholm's charge cut traffic in its zone by about 20%.
- Both cities later expanded their schemes.
The student wants to make a generalisation about congestion charges and support it with both examples. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
- A. Congestion charges have cut city-centre traffic substantially: by about 15% in London after 2003 and about 20% in Stockholm after 2006.Correct
- B. London introduced its congestion charge in 2003 and Stockholm introduced one in 2006.
- C. London's congestion charge cut traffic in the charged zone by about 15% in its first year.
- D. Stockholm's charge cut traffic by about 20%, which shows that congestion charges work everywhere.
Answer: A. Congestion charges have cut city-centre traffic substantially: by about 15% in London after 2003 and about 20% in Stockholm after 2006.
A general claim followed by both cities' figures: only choice A does both.
Why the other answers are wrong
- B. London introduced its congestion charge in 2003 and Stockholm introduced one in 2006.
- Dates for both cities, but no generalisation about the charges' effects.
- C. London's congestion charge cut traffic in the charged zone by about 15% in its first year.
- One example, no generalisation.
- D. Stockholm's charge cut traffic by about 20%, which shows that congestion charges work everywhere.
- A generalisation drawn from one city — and 'everywhere' goes beyond what two cases can show.
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