16Hit1600
Expression of IdeasVery hardConveying that a finding is uncertain

Expression of Ideas practice question

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: - A survey found that people who own dogs walk more than those who do not. - The survey did not record how much people walked before getting a dog. - People who already enjoy walking may be more likely to get a dog. - The researchers plan a follow-up tracking new dog owners.

The student wants to present the finding while making clear that its cause is unresolved. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

  1. A. Dog owners in the survey walked more than non-owners, but since the survey did not record prior habits, it cannot say whether dogs make people walk or walkers get dogs — a follow-up will track new owners.Correct
  2. B. Owning a dog makes people walk more.
  3. C. The researchers plan a follow-up.
  4. D. Dog owners walk more.

Answer: A. Dog owners in the survey walked more than non-owners, but since the survey did not record prior habits, it cannot say whether dogs make people walk or walkers get dogs — a follow-up will track new owners.

The finding, the gap, both directions of cause, and the planned follow-up.

Why the other answers are wrong

B. Owning a dog makes people walk more.
Settles the cause the notes leave open.
C. The researchers plan a follow-up.
The plan without the finding.
D. Dog owners walk more.
The finding without the uncertainty.

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