16Hit1600
Expression of IdeasVery hardConveying a finding's uncertainty

Expression of Ideas practice question

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: - A study found that people who own dogs visit the doctor less often. - Dog owners in the study were younger on average than non-owners. - The study did not account for age. - The researchers say the effect of dog ownership itself is 'not yet separable'.

The student wants to report the finding while making clear that it may not be due to dog ownership. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

  1. A. Dog owners visited the doctor less often, but since they were younger on average and the study did not account for age, the researchers say the effect of ownership itself is not yet separable.Correct
  2. B. Owning a dog keeps people out of the doctor's surgery.
  3. C. Dog owners were younger on average.
  4. D. Dog owners visit the doctor less often.

Answer: A. Dog owners visited the doctor less often, but since they were younger on average and the study did not account for age, the researchers say the effect of ownership itself is not yet separable.

The finding, the confound, and the researchers' caution.

Why the other answers are wrong

B. Owning a dog keeps people out of the doctor's surgery.
Asserts the cause the notes leave open.
C. Dog owners were younger on average.
The confound without the finding.
D. Dog owners visit the doctor less often.
The finding without the caution.

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