Expression of IdeasVery hardPresenting a finding with appropriate caution
Expression of Ideas practice question
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
- A study of 40 people found that those who napped after lunch performed better on a memory test than those who did not.
- The study lasted one week.
- Participants chose whether to nap.
- The researchers described their results as preliminary.
The student wants to present the study's finding without overstating it.
Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
- A. In a small, one-week study in which participants chose whether to nap, those who napped after lunch scored better on a memory test, a result the researchers themselves called preliminary.Correct
- B. Napping after lunch improves memory.
- C. The study lasted one week.
- D. Forty people took part in the study.
Answer: A. In a small, one-week study in which participants chose whether to nap, those who napped after lunch scored better on a memory test, a result the researchers themselves called preliminary.
The finding, hedged by size, duration, self-selection, and the researchers' own caution.
Why the other answers are wrong
- B. Napping after lunch improves memory.
- Overstates a preliminary, self-selected result.
- C. The study lasted one week.
- A limitation alone, with no finding.
- D. Forty people took part in the study.
- Sample size alone.
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