Expression of IdeasVery hardPresenting a finding with its caveat
Expression of Ideas practice question
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
- A study followed 5,000 adults for ten years.
- Those who walked at least 30 minutes a day had 25 percent fewer heart problems.
- Walkers were also less likely to smoke.
- The study was observational, not a controlled experiment.
The student wants to report the finding while cautioning against reading it as proof that walking prevents heart problems.
Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
- A. Adults who walked at least 30 minutes a day had 25 percent fewer heart problems over ten years, but because the study was observational and walkers were also less likely to smoke, walking cannot be credited with the whole difference.Correct
- B. Adults who walked 30 minutes a day had 25 percent fewer heart problems.
- C. The study followed 5,000 adults for ten years.
- D. Walkers were less likely to smoke.
Answer: A. Adults who walked at least 30 minutes a day had 25 percent fewer heart problems over ten years, but because the study was observational and walkers were also less likely to smoke, walking cannot be credited with the whole difference.
The finding, and why it is not proof.
Why the other answers are wrong
- B. Adults who walked 30 minutes a day had 25 percent fewer heart problems.
- No caution.
- C. The study followed 5,000 adults for ten years.
- Method only.
- D. Walkers were less likely to smoke.
- Caveat without the finding.
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