16Hit1600
Expression of IdeasVery hardMaking a generalisation supported by two cases

Expression of Ideas practice question

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: - In 1815 the volcano Tambora erupted in what is now Indonesia. - Ash from Tambora dimmed sunlight worldwide; 1816 became known as the 'year without a summer'. - Crops failed in Europe and North America in 1816. - In 1991 Mount Pinatubo erupted in the Philippines. - Pinatubo's ash lowered global average temperatures by about 0.5°C for two years.

The student wants to make a generalisation about large volcanic eruptions and support it with both examples. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

  1. A. Large eruptions can cool the whole planet: Tambora's ash caused the 'year without a summer' in 1816, and Pinatubo's lowered global temperatures by about 0.5°C in the 1990s.Correct
  2. B. Tambora erupted in 1815 and Pinatubo in 1991, 176 years apart.
  3. C. After Tambora's eruption, crops failed in Europe and North America in 1816.
  4. D. Pinatubo's ash lowered global average temperatures by about 0.5°C for two years, which shows that eruptions affect climate.

Answer: A. Large eruptions can cool the whole planet: Tambora's ash caused the 'year without a summer' in 1816, and Pinatubo's lowered global temperatures by about 0.5°C in the 1990s.

A generalisation plus BOTH examples: choice A states the general claim (large eruptions cool the planet) and backs it with Tambora and Pinatubo.

Why the other answers are wrong

B. Tambora erupted in 1815 and Pinatubo in 1991, 176 years apart.
This gives dates for both eruptions but no generalisation about their effects.
C. After Tambora's eruption, crops failed in Europe and North America in 1816.
This is one example with no general claim.
D. Pinatubo's ash lowered global average temperatures by about 0.5°C for two years, which shows that eruptions affect climate.
This has a general claim but uses only one of the two examples.

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