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Craft and StructureMediumA finding narrowed by a second study

Craft and Structure practice question

Text 1 A study found that people who took a nap shortly after learning a list of words recalled more of the words the next day than people who stayed awake. Text 2 A later study confirmed the benefit of napping after learning, but only for naps shorter than thirty minutes. Longer naps left participants groggy on waking, and their recall was no better than that of people who had not napped.

Which choice best describes the relationship between the texts?

  1. A. Text 2 narrows the conditions under which the finding in Text 1 holds.Correct
  2. B. Text 2 contradicts the finding in Text 1 entirely.
  3. C. Text 2 repeats the finding in Text 1 with a larger sample.
  4. D. Text 2 explains the mechanism behind the finding in Text 1.

Answer: A. Text 2 narrows the conditions under which the finding in Text 1 holds.

Text 2 'confirmed the benefit' — so it agrees — 'but only for' short naps. It keeps Text 1's finding while limiting when it applies.

Why the other answers are wrong

B. Text 2 contradicts the finding in Text 1 entirely.
Text 2 confirms the benefit for short naps, so it doesn't contradict Text 1 entirely.
C. Text 2 repeats the finding in Text 1 with a larger sample.
Text 2 doesn't simply repeat the finding; it adds a limit. Nothing is said about sample size.
D. Text 2 explains the mechanism behind the finding in Text 1.
Text 2 reports WHEN the benefit appears, not WHY napping helps memory.

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