Information and IdeasHardComparing two trial arms
Information and Ideas practice question
Results of a trial, by group:
Drug: 200 participants, 58% reported improvement
Placebo: 200 participants, 41% reported improvement
A researcher claims that a larger share of participants improved on the drug than on the placebo. Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to support the claim?
- A. 58% of the 200 drug participants reported improvement, compared with 41% of the 200 placebo participants.Correct
- B. 200 participants received the drug.
- C. 41% of placebo participants reported improvement, showing that the placebo was effective.
- D. Both groups contained the same number of participants.
Answer: A. 58% of the 200 drug participants reported improvement, compared with 41% of the 200 placebo participants.
The claim compares two shares; choice A states both shares side by side.
Why the other answers are wrong
- B. 200 participants received the drug.
- A group size on its own supports no comparison.
- C. 41% of placebo participants reported improvement, showing that the placebo was effective.
- This discusses the placebo alone and draws a conclusion the claim isn't about.
- D. Both groups contained the same number of participants.
- Equal group sizes make the comparison fair, but they don't state the comparison.
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