Information and Ideas practice question

Answer: A. Adequate sleep appears to improve the ability to form new memories.

Groups matched for age and memory differed only in sleep, and the rested group recalled more, supporting that sleep aids memory formation (A). B contradicts that result; C is impossible to conclude because participants were of similar age; D reverses the direction of the relationship the study tested.

Why the other answers are wrong

B. Sleep has no effect on how people remember information.

The rested group recalled far more words, so the evidence shows an effect — this states the opposite of the result.

C. Older volunteers remembered more words than younger ones.

All participants were of similar age, so the study provides no age comparison to draw this from.

D. Memorizing word lists causes people to sleep more.

This flips the direction of the study: researchers varied sleep and then measured recall, not the reverse.

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