Information and IdeasHardInference from a test's results
Information and Ideas practice question
A school offered a lunchtime reading club. Pupils who joined improved their reading scores over the year by more than those who did not. But the pupils who joined already had higher scores at the start of the year than those who stayed away. This suggests that ____
Which choice most logically completes the text?
- A. the club's apparent effect may partly reflect the kind of pupils who chose to join.Correct
- B. the club harmed the pupils who joined.
- C. the club had no effect at all.
- D. the pupils who stayed away improved more.
Answer: A. the club's apparent effect may partly reflect the kind of pupils who chose to join.
Joiners started ahead; their greater gains may be about who they were, not just the club.
Why the other answers are wrong
- B. the club harmed the pupils who joined.
- Their scores improved.
- C. the club had no effect at all.
- The text raises doubt about the size of the effect, not proof of none.
- D. the pupils who stayed away improved more.
- The non-joiners improved less.
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